Hi,

A Doppler Navigation System uses the Doppler principle to measure an aircraft's ground speed and drift. The Doppler radar functions by continuous measurement of Doppler shift and converting the measured values to groundspeed and drift angle. In early systems the aircraft's departure point was loaded into a navigation computer, which then converted the aircraft's heading and Doppler ground speed/drift inputs into a continuous display of aircraft position; this was then displayed as latitude and longitude, and/ or as distance to go along track and position left or right of track, in nautical miles.

A Doppler navigation system:

a) is completely self-contained and requires no ground based navigation aids.
b) is usable worldwide.
c) is most accurate overland.
d) is less accurate during flight over the sea because the surface winds, tides and currents move the surface in random directions.
e) sometimes fails to measure a ground speed and drift during flight over a smooth, glassy sea.

The latest improved Doppler Navigation Systems combine the inherent accuracy of Doppler ground speed and drift measurement with information from Decca, Inertial Reference Units, Loran C, Global Positioning Systems and VOR/DME, in various combinations to suit customer requirements. These navigational inputs also help to eradicate the errors of the original Doppler Navigation Systems, caused by inaccurate heading reference and degradation, or loss, of Doppler ground speed and drift when flying over large expanses of water.

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